Steroids. XV

16-Substituted steroids. XV. A new synthetic method for 16-ketosteroids.

In 1941 (1) the senior author entered the field of 16-substituted steroids with the view of preparing all of the three possible 16,17-epimers of natural estriol. Since that time two of these three epimers, 16-epiestriol (isoestriol-A) (2) and 17-epiestriol (3), have become available through our efforts and those of the Swiss investigators. In 1952 the present authors made an attempt to prepare ...

Xv Xvi

-Monetary policy operates in a different environment than it did a decade ago. Financial market innovations have eroded the distinctions among monetary assets, making the definition of money increasingly arbitrary. Deregulation of interest rates and banking activity is changing the behavior of the monetary aggregates, as banks pay interest on monetary assets and nonbanks offer monetary-like ass...

XV. Geriatrics

Xv. Neurophysiology*

Resting squid nerve membrane actively extrudes Na+ against a large concentration gradient, while another cation, K + , is concentrated passively within the cell by the Donnan equilibrium. During the passage of an impulse, large transient current flows across the membrane; some K + leaves, some Na + enters, but which ions carry the current at which instant, and how it is turned on and off cannot...

Xv Xvi

The stock market crash of 1987 sent shock waves through the world's financial markets. Stock exchanges in New York, Chicago, London, Tokyo, Frankfurt, and a host of other cities suffered major declines. In response, credit markets, commodity markets, and foreign exchange markets registered sharp swings. Not since the Great Depression had the world seen such turmoil in financial markets. But, dr...